托福口语一直是大家屡难提分的一项。纵观近期的托福口语题目，总结出了一些托福口语的高失误率话题，大家在备考的时候一定要多注意、多练习，从而获得托福口语的提分。
一、高失误率话题盘点之Task 1
真题示范1：
Which period do you think is the most challenging: childhood, teenager or adulthood? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
题目分析：
本题属于观点类题目，并且是目前的主流题目类型之一的三选一题目。要求考生结合经验或例子来选出其中的一个选项并通过因果论证等方式解释自己的答案。
易失误点分析：
→作为现在比较主流的题型之一，三选一的题目的易失分点在于考生们只讨论了自己选择的选项，忽略了另外两个选项。并没有在答案中讨论另外为什么不选两个选项。而比较符合逻辑且更有说服力的答案往往是通过对比另外两个选项来突出自己选择的选项的原因，使条理更清晰，答案更易懂。
→ 就本题而言，这个话题有些抽象，考生对于在有限的时间之内想到具体哪个阶段更有挑战性感到吃力。并且考生们的答案有时太抽象，难以理解，说服力低。
Sample answer:
I definitely believe that adulthood is the most challenging period. As an adult who has been through childhood and teenager, I firmly believe that adults are under more pressure than children and teenagers. Specifically, adults have to face the cruel and fierce competition at workplace, so they have no choice but to support themselves or even support the whole family through hard work. However, most children and teenagers are far away from such heavy stress. Rather, they are the people who are financially supported with care by their parents. Another reason I’d like to emphasize is that when an adult makes something wrong, the society tends to show little tolerance to the mistake or misconduct, which means that people take more serious standard to evaluate an adult than they do to a child or a teenager. To put it another way, adults have no excuses to do anything wrong, which indeed is challenging and tough.
答案分析：
答案通过对比童年和青少年的压力小，以及评判标准的严厉程度小，来突出成年人的挑战更大。而本题也并没泛泛而谈压力这个抽象的概念，而是举了绝大多数成年人谋生和养家的压力作为例子来说明面临的挑战之大。另一方面，通过说明社会对于儿童与青少年的宽容相比，对成年人的要求更严苛，来证明成年人的挑战之艰巨。这样一来，答题者所选择的选项有何合理之处就一目了然了。
真题示范2：
In order to learn Italian culture, what course do you suggest to open: cooking & food, movie or history? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
题目分析：
本题属于情景类与观点类的结合。要求考生结合题目情景，给出自己的选择和解释说明。本题也属于三选一的题目类型，需要考生对比，另外两个选项来突出所选项的优越性。
易失误点分析：
→ 本题的难点在于，并不是像以前的考题只问到foreign culture，而是精确到了Italian culture。也就是说，考生需要结合这个限定词给出答案，不能泛泛而谈。不过其实考生也不用太过担心，毕竟Italian culture也属于foreign culture，我们完全可以在老题里准备过的论据的基础上进行改编，使难度降低。
Sample answer:
I personally think watching Italian movies or movies about Italy is a better way to learn Italian culture. This is because, first of all, culture is a complex thing. Through movies, we are better able to learn different aspects about Italian culture, including food, traditions, ways of living, history and so forth. Through Italian movie Life is Beautiful we have chance to know how Italian people lived and what their beliefs were during a particular history period---World War II. By comparison, learning food & cooking or history solely is somewhat limited, as students cannot learn different aspects of Italian culture. Besides, students are more likely to learn Italian culture well by watching movies because students can be more attracted by interesting videos with both visual and audio effects, rather than by doing dishes or reading texts books about history. As a result, students are in a position to know and understand Italian culture more deeply.
答案分析：
答案通过分析电影内容的广泛，以及具体的例子，证明了通过看电影来了解意大利文化的优越性。并且通过对比烹饪和学习历史，突出了看电影比其他两个方式优越的原因，更加有说服力地证明了答题者的立场。其次，通过说明电影本身的效果更能吸引学生，从而体现看电影学文化的好处。而这一条原因恰好用到其他文化中也可以，是通用论据。
二、高失误率话题盘点之Task 2
真题示范1：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It’s okay to make phone calls or send text messages on a dinner table. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
题目分析：
本题是同意与否的题，需要考生给出自己的立场，并用细节来支持你的立场。本题的内容是老题的新出，之前考过关于能否在公共场合打电话或在课堂上使用手机的题目，考生们大可使用老题的论据，进行改编之后证明你的观点。
易失误点分析：
→ 虽然话题很老，但考生们常常误解的一点是，这个题要么同意要么反对，非白即黑，以至于实在想不出论据来硬说，拿些没有说服力的论据来凑数，导致听者(考官)无法完全理解你的意思，导致失分。
Sample answer:
Personally speaking, whether we can make phone calls or send text messages on a dinner table really depends on the situation. Sometimes it’s totally acceptable that someone is making phone calls or sending texts if emergency happens. For example, answering emergency call from a family member for reasons of safety or health should be allowed. After all, people’s safety and health are much more important in comparison to table politeness. Besides, I’m sure that people would not mind in such situation. However, if someone is making calls or sending texts to friends just because he or she feesl bored at the table, it’s fairly impolite to people he or she meets. Anyway, what’s on earth the meaning of sitting together to have meal if people don't talk to each other face to face? So, I believe that it’s worth considering the particular situation when we answer this question.
答案分析：
本题通过分情况讨论来证明了这个问题的不确定性。我们不能片面绝对地考虑一种情况，而是应该综合考虑，这样更能体现逻辑和理性。所以本题通过不同的情况来证明了何时可以打电话而何时不可以。本题的第一条论据还可以应用在相似的题目，从而降低了同类话题的难度。
真题示范2：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It’s okay for people to use surgery to change their appearance. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
题目分析：
本题也属于同意与否的题目。话题方面，本题顺应了新托福口语近几年的趋势，越来越多的使用与社会热门话题有关的题目，要求考生紧跟社会潮流趋势。
易失误点分析：
→ 这个话题本身就是个难点，其实考生们在生活中不少讨论整容的话题，但相信大家的重点都放在了谁整的好看谁整的不好看，或者所谓的“网红脸”这个词身上了。但很少有考生能深入思考有关整容的利弊，以至于真正需要表明立场并且解释立场的时候感到无言。
→ 本题的难点之二就有些考生可能会想用一些与整容有关的词汇，但发现一个都不会，以至于好不容易想出来的一条原因不知道如何表达。
Sample answer:
Although some people gain confidence through plastic surgery, I still believe that the risks of plastic surgery make it unacceptable. First of all, it’s now common to see many unsuccessful examples of people getting plastic surgery. I mean, plans cannot always be realized well in reality. News reports and examples in our real life about people not getting the appearance they wish are not rare, even frequent, I should say. But the thing is, when they want to get back to their original looking, it’s been late and impossible. Worse still, any surgery carries risks. I have seen thousands of reports of terribly sad outcomes that people died a couple of days after surgery, such as breast augmentation and liposuction, or even some died on operating table. I think it’s truly horrible and pity to see people die because they want to be prettier.
答案分析：
本题给了两个论据，一个是人们有可能并不能通过整容手术来获得想要的面貌，如果没有达到预期反而没有办法再回到原来的样子。然后更进一步分析失败案例有很多，很多人因此丧命不值得。同时还举了两个整容手术中比较常见的两种：隆胸术(breast augmentation)和抽脂术(liposuction)，使得答案更具体。
三、高失误率话题盘点之综合口语
在这里，我们以历年来综合口语中学术类话题为主，补充一下话题比较新，难度比较大的知识，考生们要做好积累，扩充自己的知识储备，为将来的考试打好基础。
1. Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups.
解释：趋同进化。
两个生活在不同地区的生物在进化过程中会呈现相似的特征。教授讲了两种食蚁兽生物，一种住在非洲，一种住在澳大利亚，它们吃同一种昆虫，这种昆虫生活的地方很隐秘。而尽管这两种昆虫生活在完全不同的地方，它们都进化出了large, sticky tongues以帮助它们获取这种昆虫作为食物。
2. Contingency plan
A contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual. It is often used for risk management when an exceptional risk in a company that, though unlikely, would have catastrophic consequences.
解释：应急计划
应急计划是指为了应对意外或风险而做出的计划。Contingency plan有两个部分，一是在危机出现时使生意仍能继续。比如在滑雪场，当降雪太少，就要准备好造雪机制造人工雪。 二是要危机公关，积极应对消费者可能有的不良情绪。比如同样是滑雪场这件事，公司可以提前跟顾客说明滑雪场情况，并告知已有人工造雪的方案。
3. Startle defense
In animals, including humans, the startle defense is a largely unconscious defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, such as sudden noise or sharp movement, and is associated with negative affect.
解释：惊吓防御
动物在遇到天敌是使用声音或动作来使天敌转移注意力，进行自我保护的行为。教授讲到一种身体为绿色的grasshopper。 当鸟类捕食者在grasshopper附近停下时， grasshopper会突然张开翅膀露出bright red并且制造出clicking sound使得鸟受到惊吓，从而顺利逃脱。
4. Vigilance
Vigilance refers to an animal’s examination of its surroundings in order to heighten awareness of predator presence. Vigilance is an important behavior during foraging as animals must often venture away from the safety of shelter to find food. However being vigilant comes at the expense of time spent feeding so there is a trade-off between the two.
解释：警戒性
当一个动物单独觅食的时候，它要花比跟一群动物一起觅食时更长的时间。因为他要花很长时间观察周围以警惕天敌的袭击。所以时间都用在了观察天敌，而获得的食物相对来说也是少的。教授举了一种猴子的例子。例子与名词解释基本相同。
5. Undercover marketing
Undercover marketing (also known as "stealth marketing") is a strategy where consumers do not realize they are being marketed to. Often, consumers believe that thy just encounter the product naturally.
解释：秘密营销
商家找人秘密地在潜在消费者周围进行营销，而消费者们通常不知道他们是被营销的，他们以为事情是自然发生的。教授讲了一个camera company的例子，商家找了50 actors在路边找人帮忙拍照，同时教他们怎么操作相机，路人就会觉得这些相机使用方便操作简单，然后就会喜欢这个相机从而去买。
关于学术话题知识，考生们要大量积累，不断更新自己的知识库，才能在考试的时候读懂听懂相关的话题内容。更重要的是，考生们要以英文解释为主，不要只看中文释义，配以转述练习，从而提高自己的转述和概括能力，提高答题效率。